Is infection of the breast normal?

A breast infection, or mastitis, is common in breastfeeding women but is not “normal”—meaning it should not be ignored.

It's a treatable medical condition that happens when bacteria enter the breast tissue, usually through a cracked nipple or blocked milk duct.

Less commonly, infections can occur in the breasts of women who are not breastfeeding; these should always be investigated by a physician.

1. What Is a Breast Infection (Mastitis)?

Mastitis, an infection of the breast, is an inflammation of the breast tissue that can include swelling, redness, warmth, and pain.

This normally occurs when bacteria gain access to the breast tissue from the nipple, or when milk flow is impeded.

Types of Breast Infections

Lactational mastitis - seen in breastfeeding women

Non-lactational mastitis- it occurs in a woman who is not lactating.

Breast abscess - When an infection creates a pocket of pus.

2. Causes of Breast Infection

In Breastfeeding Women

Cracked or sore nipples, allowing bacteria to enter

Engorgement (breast too full)

Blocked milk ducts

Incomplete emptying of the breast

Poor latching

Sudden changes in the frequency of breastfeeding

In Non-Breastfeeding Women

Trauma to the breast

Bacterial invasion via skin fissures

Smoking increases risk

Hormonal changes

Diabetes, weakened immunity, etc. (chronic medical conditions)

3. Breast Infection Symptoms

Breast tenderness; sharp, throbbing, or constant ache

Red, warm, or swollen area on the breast

Fever or chills

Hard lump or area of firmness

Discharge or pus from the nipple

Fatigue or flu-like symptoms

If you notice pus, a hard, painful lump, or a high fever, seek medical help immediately.

4. Is It Serious?

Most breast infections are treatable with early medical care.

However, if mastitis is left untreated, a breast abscess may form that can occasionally require drainage.

5. Treatment

General advice: always consult a doctor.

Prescribed antibiotics

Warm compresses

Frequent emptying of the breast (if breastfeeding)

Pain relievers (as advised by the doctor)

Proper breastfeeding positions

It is usually safe to continue breastfeeding unless advised otherwise by a doctor.

6. Prevention of Breast Infection

For Breastfeeding Mothers

Ensure proper latching

Empty the breasts while feeding

Breastfeed on demand

Avoid long gaps between feeds.

Treat cracked nipples as soon as possible

Wear comfortable, non-snug bras

For Non-Breastfeeding Women

Keep your breasts clean

Avoid squeezing or picking at the nipples

Stop smoking- decreases non-lactational mastitis

Cure skin infections early

Strengthen immunity with healthy habits.

Summary:

Infections of the breast are common, but not normal, and need to be treated. They most often appear in breastfeeding women but may happen in non-breastfeeding mothers, too. Symptoms include pain, redness, swelling, and fever. Early treatment prevents complications such as abscess formation. Prevention consists of proper breast care and hygiene, correct breastfeeding techniques.